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B2 German Grammar Hub | Advanced Grammar & Goethe Exam Preparation | Fortgang Institut
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German Grammar · B2 Level
Precision for professional and academic communication

B2 German Grammar Hub

Build confident, precise German at B2 level. This carefully organised grammar hub brings together the sentence patterns, connectors, passive constructions, reported speech and formal-language structures that help you understand complex texts and express nuanced ideas in speaking and writing.

Choose a topic, study the German example with its English meaning, then open the study focus for a practical reminder. Use the search and topic filters to build a focused revision session. Examples are original learning examples, created for study.

20grammar topics
DE + ENexamples and meanings
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The B2 grammar collection

Twenty carefully selected learning areas, arranged in a fresh sequence—from sentence control to nuanced expression and formal German.

Showing 20 grammar topics

01 / B2 GRAMMAR

Wortstellung im Satz & TEKAMOLO

Use the usual order of time, cause, manner and place information to make longer sentences clear. Remember that emphasis can change the order, but the finite verb remains in the correct position.

Ich fahre morgen wegen eines Termins mit dem Zug nach Berlin.Tomorrow, I’m travelling to Berlin by train because of an appointment.
Time · reason · manner · place
Study focus & practice

TEKAMOLO is a useful orientation, not an unbreakable rule. Start with the information you want to emphasise, then check the verb position.

Practice: Rewrite the example with a different element at the beginning and check the resulting word order.

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02 / B2 GRAMMAR

Zweiteilige Konnektoren

Connect ideas with paired structures such as sowohl … als auch, weder … noch, entweder … oder, nicht nur … sondern auch and zwar … aber. Keep the paired elements grammatically parallel.

Die Lösung ist nicht nur praktisch, sondern auch bezahlbar.The solution is not only practical but also affordable.
Paired connectors · parallel structure
Study focus & practice

Check that the two linked elements have the same grammatical form whenever possible.

Practice: Write one sentence with nicht nur … sondern auch and one with weder … noch.

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03 / B2 GRAMMAR

Das Wort „es“

Understand es as a pronoun, a placeholder subject, part of fixed expressions and a way to introduce weather, time or general conditions. Identify what es refers to—or whether it has no concrete reference.

Es ist wichtig, alle Unterlagen rechtzeitig einzureichen.It is important to submit all documents on time.
Placeholder es · fixed expressions · reference
Study focus & practice

Compare Es regnet, Es gibt ein Problem and Ich weiß es. The function of es differs in each case.

Practice: Create three examples in which es has three different functions.

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04 / B2 GRAMMAR

Relativsätze mit „wer“

Use wer in free relative clauses meaning “whoever” or “anyone who”. The clause can function as a subject or object within the larger sentence.

Wer regelmäßig übt, macht schnellere Fortschritte.Whoever practises regularly makes faster progress.
Free relative clauses · wer / wem / wen
Study focus & practice

Pay attention to the case required inside the relative clause and the role of the whole clause.

Practice: Write a general rule beginning with Wer …, then complete the main clause.

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05 / B2 GRAMMAR

Passiv und Passiversatzformen

Use werden-passive to foreground an action and explore alternatives such as man, sich lassen, sein + zu + Infinitiv and adjectives ending in -bar when they fit the meaning.

Die Ergebnisse werden morgen veröffentlicht.The results will be published tomorrow.
werden-Passiv · alternatives · register
Study focus & practice

Choose the construction based on whether you want to emphasise the action, possibility, obligation or a general agent.

Practice: Rewrite one active sentence as a passive sentence and then with a suitable alternative.

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06 / B2 GRAMMAR

Konnektoren: um … zu, ohne … zu, (an)statt … zu

Express purpose, an accompanying omission or an alternative action with infinitive clauses. Use um … zu for purpose, ohne … zu for “without doing”, and statt/anstatt … zu for “instead of doing”.

Sie ging, ohne sich zu verabschieden.She left without saying goodbye.
Infinitive clauses · purpose · omission · alternative
Study focus & practice

These constructions normally work when the understood subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the main clause.

Practice: Write one sentence for purpose, one for without doing something, and one for instead of doing something.

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07 / B2 GRAMMAR

Modalpartikeln

Explore particles such as doch, ja, eben, halt, wohl and denn. They can signal attitude, shared knowledge, emphasis or conversational nuance rather than adding a simple factual meaning.

Das ist doch eine gute Idee!That really is a good idea! / Surely that’s a good idea!
Spoken German · tone · nuance
Study focus & practice

Meaning depends strongly on context and intonation. Learn modal particles in complete, natural dialogues.

Practice: Take a neutral sentence and add a modal particle; describe how the tone changes.

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08 / B2 GRAMMAR

Indirekte Rede mit Konjunktiv I

Report what another person said while keeping a clear distinction between the original speaker’s words and your report. Konjunktiv I is common in news, formal reports and written German.

Die Sprecherin erklärt, die Lage sei unter Kontrolle.The spokesperson explains that the situation is under control.
Reported speech · Konjunktiv I
Study focus & practice

Learn common forms such as sei, habe, könne and werde. In real usage, alternatives may appear when forms are ambiguous.

Practice: Turn a short direct quotation into reported speech.

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09 / B2 GRAMMAR

Vergleichssätze mit „als ob“ und „als wenn“ im Konjunktiv II

Use als ob and als wenn to describe an appearance or imagined situation, often with Konjunktiv II. The verb usually comes at the end of the subordinate clause.

Er tut so, als ob er alles wüsste.He acts as if he knew everything.
Unreal comparison · Konjunktiv II
Study focus & practice

The construction often suggests that the impression is not literally true. In informal usage, verb placement can vary, but practise the standard subordinate pattern.

Practice: Describe a person acting as if they were someone else.

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10 / B2 GRAMMAR

Vergleichssätze mit „als“, „wie“ und „je … desto/umso“

Compare equality with wie, difference with als after a comparative, and proportional change with je … desto/umso. Keep the comparative forms accurate.

Je länger ich übe, desto sicherer spreche ich.The longer I practise, the more confidently I speak.
Comparisons · comparative forms · clause structure
Study focus & practice

After je, the verb comes at the end of the subordinate clause; the desto/umso clause follows main-clause word order.

Practice: Make a comparison using als, one using wie and one using je … desto.

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11 / B2 GRAMMAR

Textzusammenhang: Kohäsion & klare Bezüge

Make a text coherent by connecting sentences logically, avoiding unclear references and using transitions, pronouns and repeated key terms carefully.

Die Zahlen sind gestiegen. Dieser Anstieg ist vor allem auf höhere Nachfrage zurückzuführen.The figures have risen. This increase is mainly due to higher demand.
Cohesion · reference · transitions
Study focus & practice

A good text makes the relationship between ideas explicit without repeating the same wording in every sentence.

Practice: Combine three short sentences into a coherent mini-paragraph with clear references.

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12 / B2 GRAMMAR

Nomen-Verb-Verbindungen

Learn common noun–verb combinations such as eine Entscheidung treffen, Verantwortung übernehmen, Kritik üben and in Betracht ziehen. These are frequent in formal and professional German.

Das Team hat eine wichtige Entscheidung getroffen.The team made an important decision.
Collocations · formal register
Study focus & practice

Learn the complete phrase with its article, verb, case pattern and a sample sentence.

Practice: Choose three combinations and use each in a workplace or study-related sentence.

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13 / B2 GRAMMAR

Passiv mit „sein“

Use sein-passive to describe a state or result, often after an action has taken place. Distinguish the state-focused sein-passive from the action-focused werden-passive.

Die Tür ist geschlossen.The door is closed.
Zustandspassiv · result state
Study focus & practice

Compare Die Tür wird geschlossen (an action is happening) with Die Tür ist geschlossen (the resulting state). Context can affect interpretation.

Practice: Describe two objects using sein-passive and explain the state each sentence expresses.

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14 / B2 GRAMMAR

Modalsätze mit „dadurch, dass“ und „indem“

Explain how an outcome is achieved by naming the method or process. Both structures can express means, with dadurch, dass often making the relationship especially explicit.

Sie verbesserte ihr Deutsch, indem sie jeden Tag laut las.She improved her German by reading aloud every day.
Means · method · subordinate clauses
Study focus & practice

The finite verb goes to the end of the indem/dass clause. Avoid using these structures when the relationship is actually a purpose or a cause.

Practice: Explain how to improve a skill using indem or dadurch, dass.

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15 / B2 GRAMMAR

Nomen, Verben und Adjektive mit Präpositionen

Master fixed combinations such as sich interessieren für, teilnehmen an, abhängig von and stolz auf. The preposition often determines the case and is part of the expression.

Sie interessiert sich für nachhaltige Architektur.She is interested in sustainable architecture.
Fixed prepositions · case · da-/wo-compounds
Study focus & practice

Learn each expression as a complete unit, including its case and a question form such as worauf? or wofür?

Practice: Create a personal list of five expressions and write one example for each.

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16 / B2 GRAMMAR

Nominalisierung von Verben

Turn actions into nouns to create concise, formal and academic phrasing. Watch for capitalisation, article choice and any changes to prepositions or sentence structure.

Nachdem die Firma den Vertrag geprüft hatte, gab sie eine Antwort. → Nach der Prüfung des Vertrags antwortete die Firma.After the company had reviewed the contract, it replied. → After reviewing the contract, the company replied.
Verb-to-noun conversion · formal style
Study focus & practice

Nominalisation can make writing concise, but too many noun-heavy phrases can make a text difficult to read.

Practice: Rewrite one sentence with a subordinate clause using a suitable nominalised phrase.

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17 / B2 GRAMMAR

Relativsätze: Bezüge und präzise Informationen

Use relative clauses to add detail to a noun without starting a separate sentence. Choose the relative pronoun by gender and number of the noun, and by its case within the relative clause.

Die Kollegin, mit der ich gesprochen habe, arbeitet im Ausland.The colleague I spoke with works abroad.
Relative pronouns · prepositions · case
Study focus & practice

The relative pronoun’s case is determined by its function in the relative clause—not by the case of the noun in the main clause.

Practice: Add a relative clause to describe a person, place and object.

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18 / B2 GRAMMAR

Indefinitpronomen

Use indefinite pronouns such as jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts, alle, manche, einige and jeder to refer to people or things without naming them precisely.

Manche bevorzugen klare Regeln, andere mehr Flexibilität.Some prefer clear rules, others more flexibility.
People · things · quantity · agreement
Study focus & practice

Notice which forms decline and whether a pronoun takes a singular or plural verb in context.

Practice: Write a short comparison using mindestens four indefinite pronouns.

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19 / B2 GRAMMAR

Konnektor „während“ & Genitivpräpositionen

Use während as a temporal or contrastive connector and distinguish it from the preposition während + genitive. Strengthen formal phrasing with genitive prepositions such as trotz, während, aufgrund and innerhalb.

Während die einen sparen, investieren die anderen.While some save, others invest.
Temporal contrast · genitive case · formal German
Study focus & practice

As a connector, während introduces a subordinate clause. As a preposition, it is followed by a noun phrase, traditionally in the genitive.

Practice: Write one sentence with während as a connector and one with it as a preposition.

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20 / B2 GRAMMAR

Partizipien als Adjektive

Use present and past participles as adjectives to add compact, precise descriptions. Apply adjective endings according to the article, case, gender and number.

Die steigenden Kosten belasten viele Haushalte.The rising costs are putting pressure on many households.
Partizip I · Partizip II · adjective endings
Study focus & practice

Partizip I often describes an ongoing or active relationship; Partizip II often describes a completed action or resulting state, depending on the verb.

Practice: Describe a process with a Partizip-I adjective and a result with a Partizip-II adjective.

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A premium study method: Notice the meaning first, identify the clause structure, check verb position and case, then rewrite the example in your own words. Aim for accuracy and clarity—not complexity for its own sake.

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Frequently asked questions

How to get the most from this B2 German grammar guide.

What grammar should I study at B2 level?

This hub covers sentence word order and TEKAMOLO, paired connectors, es, relative clauses with wer, infinitive clauses, nominal–verb combinations, passive voice and alternatives, indefinite pronouns, comparisons with als/wie/je … desto, Konjunktiv II comparisons, reported speech with Konjunktiv I, text cohesion, means clauses, fixed prepositional expressions, nominalisation, modal particles, participles as adjectives and genitive prepositions. Course and examination syllabi may vary.

Does this hub include separate lesson pages?

Most cards now open their dedicated lesson pages. The Nomen–Verb-Verbindungen card currently directs learners to the B2 course because a dedicated lesson URL was not included in the supplied list.

Is this specifically for the Goethe-Zertifikat B2 exam?

The topics support skills useful for advanced German and exam preparation, but this page is a grammar learning resource—not an official Goethe-Institut publication or a complete exam syllabus. Use it alongside the current exam format and your course materials.

How should I practise each topic?

Read the example, open the study focus, create two or three original sentences, and check verb placement, case, endings and punctuation. Then practise using the structure in a short paragraph or spoken response.